Multiple flavors of the general linear model Essay

Multiple flavors of the general linear model - Essay Example There is an importance that has been associated with the statistical linear models as has been realized in case of the researchers as well as the students. In this case it has been realized that the deep understanding is required in case of the linear regression models as it has been used in the wide variety of research but still a greater and a wide perspective of research is needed. As the paper is to analyze the associated importance of the linear models of analysis in statistics, the research on the topic of organization justice is to be observed. The main topic that shall be observed in this case is the effect of organization justice on personnel hiring in these organizations. The main statistical analysis that is being conducted in all the included studies is the regression analysis. Recently it has been seen that the organization commitment has been the topic of research since many years as its importance has been realized in the organization. All of the researches that have been referred to in the paper deal with an importance that has been associated with the hiring of employees and personnel by kee... For an organizational researcher the main topic of interest has been the way in which the human resources within the firm are being utilized to gain the competitive edge in the market. In addition to this it has been seen that the level of the organization justice that is being implemented in the organization within the management has a direct effect on the social relationships that exist between the employee and the organization as a whole. It has been analyzed that this is the topic that has been researched by the researchers by implementing the statistical techniques as it has been seen that the employees tend to work for the organization in such a way that, maximizes the returns for the organizations. There have been many studies that have tried to link the organization outcomes with the justice within the organizations. The need for the research arises by realizing the fact that the justice perceptions within the organization are linked to various organization outcomes and these are inclusive of the job satisfaction, the commitment for the organization well as the greatest amount of the trust from the employees. Main aspect in this case that has been analyzed is the commitment that is achieved from the employees. the commitment that is being shown by the employees can be of various forms and this can range from the effectiveness being reflected by an organization as well as the faithfulness and the well being of the employees. Commitment can define the psychological state of the employee as has been seen by the researchers that the employees who are involved in the organizational commitment are seen to be more engaged in the behaviors as the high performance as well as the citizenship for the organization. In the included researches the measures

Employee relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Employee relations - Essay Example The issue is that such actions can lead to insurmountable problems involving sentiments of the employee, and his or her belief of ownership within the company. It is also difficult for managers to classify misuse because often the thin line between misuse and productive use of resources is separated only by a thin line. For example, an employee may use the department vehicle for a specific purpose and satisfy his personal requirements on the way. Can this be seen as misuse? Similarly, a management may not mind an employee using the company vehicle for personal needs as long as his performance is above par. Hence, it may be seen that classification of use and misuse of company resources in certain cases is arbitrary and dependent on the valued judgment of the management. However, there are some other official resources, the definition of misuse of which is clearly defined under the company law or a higher legal body. For example the use and misuse of email and the Internet can be clearly demarcated according the usage pattern of an employee. In fact, the employees browsing pattern and online behavior is enough to determine whether he has been using the resource in an irresponsible manner. The irresponsible use of email and the Internet can pose serious losses to the company while it can be a great productive tool if used responsibly. The improper use of the Internet can also lead to situations in which the company may lose important data and valuable intellectual rights. The Internet has over the years, evolved as a very cheap alternative to other forms of communication. Employees may often misuse the Internet and the email systems because they are not aware of the cumulative costs that may accrue because of the misuse. While many people are of the view that misuse encompasses only viewing objectionable material available on the net, there are many other ways in

September 11th the terrorist attack Essay Example for Free

September 11th the terrorist attack Essay The terrorist attack on September 11 will always be remember as the most terrifying day in American History. These attacks left people around the world with feeling of disbeliefs and anger. As consequences, many of American people are blaming all Muslim citizens for the attacks, accusing them as terrorists. There are an estimated of 3 million muslins living in the United States. The majority of them practice the Islam religion. Islam is a religion that means peace with ones heart, mind and soul. It also means peace with god and to live according to the sacred book. Unluckily, most Muslim people in America share the same religion as the terrorist organization, led by Osama bin Laden, who is the primary suspect for the September 11 attack. As result, many Muslim American are paying a high price for their similarities with the terrorist. They are being humiliated, harassed and discriminated against. There are more than 200 cases of hate crimes reported in Arabic American anti Discrimination Society since the attacks. For instance, a news station reported a week after the attack an Arab American passenger was kicked off the airplane because of the way she looks. In addition, some on these incident children are the most affected. Muslim children because they are more sensible and constantly interacting with their peers, especially on public school. I have seemed discrimination against Muslim people in my classroom at PCCC. One day after the attack a classmate thought it would be funny to point at on Muslim classmate. I did not find it funny, instead I found very insulting toward her, especially because I know her and I know she is not bad. All these case are true history and people live constantly in pain. Many of them are people with dream and ambition. On September 11 every one saw how destruction could be done in a powerful nation like America. Unfortunately, these events have left many loses including lives of people and economically impact. But we also learned that not all Muslim are terrorist. They are peaceful people like you and me.

Evaluative Phase â€Love and hate :: Drama

Evaluative Phase –Love and hate First we looked at the poem â€Å"Stop the clocks† by W.H. Auden. Before we thought about adding hate we thought about what the poem is about. It’s about a woman who’s husband has just died and how she is devastated about his death and thinks the whole world should mourn his death because he was so great (or at least he was to her). So we now had 2 characters the husband and wife and we knew the husband was going to die, which would devastate the woman so much that she wrote the poem. Next we looked at the word ‘hate’ and its implications. Everyone in the group had to say one thing they hated. Then we all went into small groups (about 3 people) and had to make a still image of some form of hate. We chose to do an image of a person being executed by terrorists. Then as a whole group we thought about how we could add hate to the poem. So we thought that the man could have been killed because he had been hated, then it developed further and we thought the woman could have killed the man then she wrote the poem as a cover up. We decided to make the man rich and the woman a gold digger. When we went into smaller groups we had the idea that the man pretended to be rich and the woman killed him when she discovered the truth. Everyone in my group (including me) probably didn’t work together as well as we could have done when we where initially thinking up what to do in our piece. Basically after we had the idea of having the woman find out the man is not rich our progress slowed down quite a lot until the last 20 minutes we had before performing, this made us rush quite a lot so we didn’t iron out all of the mistakes and get everything exactly right like we could have done, but overall our performance was ok and it was quite a good idea. Love and hate are both extremely powerful emotions. Both can cause people to do absolutely crazy things that they almost certainly wouldn’t do for any other reason.

Person-Centred Therapy Essay

The Person-Centred Approach developed from the work of the psychologist Dr. Carl Rogers. In 1940s to 1960s, Carl Rogers approach to therapy was considered revolutionary. His specialist knowledge didn’t come from a theory but rather from his clinical therapy. Consequently, theory came out of practice. Person-Centred Therapy was originally seen as non-directive. The reasoning for that was because Rogers didn’t believe that therapist was the expert. The crucial part of his theory was based on the natural tendency of human beings to find fulfillment. (Rogers 1961). Carl Rogers had the basic trust in human beings and believed that people are naturally moving toward constructive fulfillment. (Carl R. Rogers 1980, p.117). Rogers believed that ‘Individuals have within themselves vast resources for self-understanding and for altering their self-concepts, basic attitudes, and self-directed behavior; these resources can be tapped if a definable climate of facilitative psycho logical attitudes can be provided.’ ( Carl R. Rogers 1980, p.115-117). The important part of person-centred approach was creating particular psychological environment in order for a client to be open to the experience. The key for Rogers was to be present with another. ‘Being was more important than doing .(Rogers 1961) The importance of psychological environment explained by Rogers is because clients’ need to feel free from threat, both physically and psychologically, to move away from defensiveness and open to the experience of therapy. (Rogers 1961). This environment could be achieved when client is in a therapy with a person who was sincerely empathic, accepting and non-judgmental – offering unconditional positive regard, and genuine -congruent. Therefore, when these three core conditions are provided: congruence, unconditional positive regard and empathy, Rogers believed that client would naturally move in a constructive and positive direction. Congruence Congruence (genuineness) suggests that there should be correspondence between a therapist’s inner experiencing and their outward responses to the client.  (Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling p 30.) The therapist’s goal is to express genuinely felt responses to the client’s   experiences in the instantaneous moment; and for the client to perceive the therapist responses as genuine, transparent and honest. (Person-Centred Rehabilitation Counselling, p 30) Unconditional Positive Regard Unconditional positive regard refers to seeing a client in a non-judgmental way that is free of the conditions that client might have been experiencing within family, friends and society. Unconditional positive regard is offered as a model of non-judgmental self-acceptance for clients together with an ‘understanding-seeking approach’ to working with clients from ‘different’ and ‘diverse’ backgrounds (Lago, 2007, pp. 262–263). Empathy Most therapists acknowledge therapeutic value of empathy. However, from Rogers’ (1961) perspective, empathy is an attitude rather than a set of reflective techniques. It offers acceptance and safety to explore painful and difficult issues. Furthermore, empathy is regarded as a more active process in which a person tries to understand others by reaching out to or feeling with them in multiple dimensions. (Coulehan, J. 2002. p. 73-98). Empathy conveys the therapist unconditional positive regard and conveys to clients that they are deeply heard. (Bozarth, J.,2007. 182–193). Carl Rogers believed that person couldn’t teach another person directly; a person can only facilitate another’s learning. (Rogers (1951). Therefore, in the person-centred therapy the role of therapist is to be present and reflective. Rogers was really passionate to inspire people to live life fully. This process of the good life is not, as Rogers believed a life for the faint-hearted. It involves the widening and growing of one’s potentialities and fulfillment. It involves the courage to be and to opening oneself fully into the flow of life. (Rogers, Carl. (1961). Furthermore, in Person-Centred Therapy clients have a freedom of choice and evident creativity. They are not constrained by the restrictions that influence an  incongruent individual, so they have a variety of choices they can make more confidently. Client can see that they play a role in determining their own behavior and feel responsible for their own behavior and their life. (Rogers 1961). However, it can be challenging to put these into practice because person-centred therapy does not use techniques but relies on the personal qualities of the therapist to construct a non-judgmental and empathic relationship with their   client. In my belief, there is a vast opportunity to blend the person-centred approach and principles such as empathy, unconditional positive regard and congruence in all aspects of our lives. These principles could be transferred to all kinds of relationships. For example in education, teaching and coaching, management, organizations, patient care, conflict resolution, every day work and relationships. I will certainly apply and be more mindful and aware of significance of person-centred therapy in my practice. It allows clients to feel acceptance and safety to explore painful and difficult issues throughout therapy. References 1. Bozarth, J. (2007). Unconditional positive regard. In M. Cooper, M. O’Hara, P.F. Schmid, & G. Wyatt (Eds.), The handbook of person-centered psychotherapy and counselling. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 2. Coulehan, J. (2002). Being a physician. In M.B. Mengel, W.L. Holleman & S.A. Fields (Eds.), Fundamentals of clinical practice 2nd à ©d. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers. 3. Lago. C, (2007). How to Manage a Counselling Service in S.Palmer & R. Bor (Eds.) The Practitioner Handbook. London, Sage. 4. Person-Centred Rehabilitation Counselling. Article in Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 5. Rogers, Carl. (1951). Client-centered Therapy: Its Current Practice, Implications and Theory. London: Constable 6. Rogers, Carl. (1961). On Becoming a Person: A Therapist’s View of Psychotherapy. London: Constable 7. Rogers, Carl. (1980). Way of Being. Boston: Houghton Mifflin

All About Chocolates Child Labor and Slavery Problem

Do you know where your chocolate comes from, or what happens in order to get it to you? Green America, a non-profit  ethical consumption  advocacy organization,  points out in this infographic  that although major chocolate corporations rake in tens of billions of dollars annually, cocoa farmers earn just pennies per pound. In many cases, our chocolate is produced using child and slave labor. We in the U.S. chomp down twenty-one percent of the global chocolate supply every year, so it makes sense that we should be informed about the industry that brings it to us. Lets take a look at where all that chocolate comes from, the problems in the industry, and what we as consumers can do to keep child labor and slavery out of our sweets. Where Chocolate Comes From Most of the worlds chocolate begins as cocoa pods grown in  Ghana,  Ivory Coast, and Indonesia, but much is also grown in Nigeria, Cameroon, Brazil, Ecuador, Mexico, the Dominican Republic, and Peru. Around the world,  there are  14 million rural farmers and  laborers who rely on cocoa farming for their income. Many of them are migrant workers, and nearly half are small farmers. An estimated 14 percent of them—nearly 2 million—are West African  children. Earnings and Labor Conditions The farmers who cultivate cocoa pods  earn less than 76 cents per pound, and because of the inadequate compensation, they must rely on low-wage and unpaid labor to produce, harvest, process, and sell their crops. Most cocoa farming families live in poverty because of this. They have inadequate access to schooling, healthcare, clean and safe drinking water, and many suffer from hunger. In West Africa, where much of the worlds cocoa is produced, some farmers rely on child labor and even enslaved children, many of whom are sold into bondage by traffickers who take them from their home countries. (For more details on this tragic situation, see these stories on BBC and CNN, and this list of academic sources). Massive Corporate Profits On the flip side, the worlds largest global chocolate companies are raking in tens of billion dollars annually, and total pay for the CEOs of these companies ranges from 9.7 to 14 million dollars. Fairtrade International puts the farmers and corporations earnings in perspective, pointing out that producers in West Africa are likely to receive between 3.5 to 6.4 percent of the final value of a chocolate bar containing their cocoa. This figure is down from 16 percent in the late 1980s. Over the same time period, manufacturers have increased their take from 56 to 70 percent of the value of a chocolate bar. Retailers currently see about 17 percent (up from 12 percent over the same time period). So over time, though demand for cocoa has risen annually, and has been rising at a greater rate in recent years, producers take home a decreasing percentage of the value of the final product. This happens because chocolate companies and traders have consolidated in recent years, which means that there are just a handful of very large, monetarily and politically powerful buyers in the global cocoa market. This puts pressure on producers to accept unsustainably low prices in order to sell their product, and thus, to rely on low-wage, child, and slave labor. Why Fair Trade Matters For these reasons, Green America urges consumers to purchase fair or direct trade chocolate this Halloween. Fair trade certification stabilizes the price paid to producers, which fluctuates as it is traded on commodities markets in New York and London, and guarantees a minimum price per pound that is always higher than the unsustainable market price. In addition, corporate buyers of fair trade cocoa pay a premium, on top of that price, that producers can use for development of their farms and  communities. Between 2013 and 2014, this premium poured more than $11 million  into producing communities, according to Fair Trade International.  Importantly, the fair trade certification system guards against child labor and slavery by  regularly auditing  participating farms. Direct Trade Can Help Too Even better than fair trade, in a financial sense, is the direct trade model, which took off in the specialty coffee sector several years ago, and has made its way to the cocoa sector. Direct trade puts more money into producers pockets and communities by cutting the middlemen  out of the supply chain, and by often paying far more than the fair trade price. (A quick web search will reveal direct trade chocolate companies in your area, and those from which you can order online.) The most radical step way from the ills of global capitalism and toward justice for farmers and workers was taken when the late Mott Green founded the Grenada Chocolate Company Cooperative  on the Caribbean island  in 1999. Sociologist Kum-Kum Bhavnani profiled the company in her award-winning documentary about labor issues in the global cocoa trade  and demonstrated  how companies like Grenada offer  a solution to them. The worker-owned cooperative, which produces chocolate in its solar-powered factory,  sources all of its cocoa from the inhabitants of the island for a fair and sustainable price, and returns profits equally to all worker-owners. It is also a forerunner of environmental sustainability in the chocolate industry. Chocolate is a source of joy for those who consume it. Theres no reason that it cant also be a source of joy, stability, and economic security for those who produce it.

Sleep Deprivation in Japan - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 497 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/08/12 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Sleep Deprivation Essay Did you like this example? Japan has been known to have a sleep problem within its country. Citizens get less sleep comparatively than any country. Most citizens in Japan get under the 7 hours of recommended sleep each night and some even get less than 6 hours. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Sleep Deprivation in Japan" essay for you Create order Altogether Japan averages a mere 7 hours and 24 minutes of sleep. The Japanese must solve this issue as it affects not only their citizens but the country and countries in trade with Japan. It is a problem that affects us all in the long run when Japan influences trade amongst other countries. The sleep deprivation issue has developed into a crisis because the deprivation is causing major accidents, citizens are developing chronic sleep disorders, and manufacturing rates have decreased. Japans culture impacts how citizens sleep and sleep is an important function that humans need. Today Japan accepts the fact that citizens do not get enough sleep at night. The overall work drains society and Japan has accepted that. In Yasu Shimizus article she states Japanese people think it is very natural to sleep on trains. They would actually be surprised to hear that people elsewhere do not fall asleep in trains. It is not hard to find people sleeping in public. Society is furthermore weakened by the sleep loss. Japanese people themselves often wonder why they become so sleepy in trains as well. There are scientific reasons. It is mainly the white noise, vibrations and subtle shaking of trains that make people sleepy. Some scholars say it is because of 1/f fluctuation. Therefore, it is natural that people become sleepy (Shimizu). The combined haul of the day with daily commands to sleep makes it no wonder the Japanese sleep so much in public. Sleep deprivation can have bad effects on the human body. It can for one thing increase weight gain and increase risk for heart disease. A study published in American Journal of Epidemiology found information suggesting that weight gain and sleep loss are connected. Of the 68,183 women who reported habitual sleep duration in 1986 were followed for 16 years. In analyses adjusted for age and body mass index, women sleeping 5 hours or less gained 1.14 kg (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49, 1.79) more than did those sleeping 7 hours over 16 years (Patel, et.al 2006). Showing how sleep loss can cause problems besides just feeling sleepy. When low on sleep one feels drowsy, but they may experience problems cognitively as well. A controlled experiment on sleep was conducted by two men known as Patrick and Gilbert in 1869 almost a century in later times at the University of Iowa. Gilbert and Patrick observed three young adults four times a day for a complete 90 hours of sustained awake fullness. The two observed declines in cognitive function ranging from sensory acuity to memorization. This astoundingly insightful 19th century report contains five crucial observations that have withstood the test of time and replication, but that have not always been recognized (Monk 100). It is clear that with less sleep the human body has exponential problems coping throughout the day.